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Java ThreadPoolExecutor的拒绝策略怎么实现

java ThreadPoolExecutor
444 2023-05-04

Java ThreadPoolExecutor的拒绝策略怎么实现

    线程池基本原理

    线程池的原理如下图:

    说明:

    • 当前运行的线程少于corePoolSize,则创建新线程来执行任务。

    • 运行的线程等于或多于corePoolSize,则将任务添加到队列中。

    • 当任务队列已满,则在非corePool中创建新的线程来处理任务。

    • 创建新线程将使当前运行的线程超出maximumPoolSize,任务将被拒绝,并调用RejectedExecutionHandler.rejectedExecution()方法。

    线程池拒绝策略

    线程池为我们提供了四种拒绝策略分别是:CallerRunsPolicy,AbortPolicy,DiscardPolicy,DiscardOldestPolicy

    AbortPolicy

    ThreadPoolExecutor中默认的拒绝策略就是AbortPolicy直接抛出异常,具体实现如下

    public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
    
        public AbortPolicy() { }
    
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
    
            throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
    
                                                 " rejected from " +
    
                                                 e.toString());
    
        }
    
    }

    说明:这种策略非常简单粗暴,直接抛出RejectedExecutionException异常,也不会执行后续的任务。

    示例说明:

    public class ThreadPoolTest
    
    {
    
        public static void main(String[] args)
    
        {
    
            ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
    
                    2,
    
                    5,
    
                    10,
    
                    TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
    
                    new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1),
    
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
    
            
    
            //异步执行
    
            for(int i=0; i<10;i++)
    
            {
    
              System.out.println("添加第"+i+"个任务");
    
              threadPoolExecutor.execute(new TestThread("线程"+i));
    
            }        
    
        }
    
    }
    
    
    
    public class TestThread implements Runnable
    
    {
    
        private String name;
    
        public TestThread(String name){
    
            this.name=name;
    
        }
    
        
    
        @Override
    
        public void run()
    
        {
    
            try
    
            {
    
                Thread.sleep(1000);
    
            }
    
            catch (InterruptedException e)
    
            {
    
                e.printStackTrace();
    
            }
    
            System.out.println("thread name:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+",执行:"+name);
    
        }
    
    }

    执行结果:

    Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task com.skywares.fw.juc.thread.TestThread@55f96302 rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@3d4eac69[Running, pool size = 5, active threads = 5, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0]

        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:2047)

        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:823)

        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1369)

        at com.skywares.fw.juc.thread.ThreadPoolTest.main(ThreadPoolTest.java:26)

    thread name:pool-1-thread-5,执行:线程5

    thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程1

    thread name:pool-1-thread-4,执行:线程4

    thread name:pool-1-thread-3,执行:线程3

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0

    thread name:pool-1-thread-5,执行:线程2

    从执行结果我们得知,采用AbortPolicy策略当任务执行到第七个任务时会直接报错,导致后续的业务逻辑不会执行。

    CallerRunsPolicy

    CallerRunsPolicy在任务被拒绝添加后,会用调用execute函数的上层线程去执行被拒绝的任务。

    相关示例

    public class ThreadPoolTest
    
    {
    
        public static void main(String[] args)
    
        {
    
            ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
    
                    2,
    
                    5,
    
                    10,
    
                    TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
    
                    new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1),
    
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
    
            
    
            //异步执行
    
            for(int i=0; i<10;i++)
    
            {
    
              System.out.println("添加第"+i+"个任务");
    
              threadPoolExecutor.execute(new TestThread("线程"+i));
    
            }
    
        }
    
    }

    执行结果:

    添加第0个任务

    添加第1个任务

    添加第2个任务

    添加第3个任务

    添加第4个任务

    添加第5个任务

    添加第6个任务

    thread name:main,执行:线程6

    thread name:pool-1-thread-3,执行:线程3

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0

    thread name:pool-1-thread-4,执行:线程4

    thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程1

    thread name:pool-1-thread-5,执行:线程5

    添加第7个任务

    添加第8个任务

    thread name:main,执行:线程8

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程7

    thread name:pool-1-thread-3,执行:线程2

    添加第9个任务

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程9

    从执行的结果我们可以得知,当执行到第7个任务时,由于线程池拒绝策略,此任务由主线程来执行,当线程池有空闲时,才继续执行其他的任务。所以此策略可能会阻塞主线程。

    DiscardPolicy

    这种拒绝策略比较简单,线程池拒绝的任务直接抛弃,不会抛异常也不会执行

    示例

    修改上述的代码,将拒绝策略修改为DiscardPolicy

     ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
    
                    2,
    
                    5,
    
                    10,
    
                    TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
    
                    new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1),
    
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

    执行结果

    invoke dealStock success

    goodsId:手机

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0

    thread name:pool-1-thread-4,执行:线程4

    thread name:pool-1-thread-5,执行:线程5

    thread name:pool-1-thread-3,执行:线程3

    thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程1

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程2

    从执行的结果来看只执行了6个任务,其他的任务都被抛弃了。

    DiscardOldestPolicy

    DiscardOldestPolicy 当任务拒绝添加时,会抛弃任务队列中最先加入队列的任务,再把新任务添加进去。

    示例说明

     ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
    
                    1,
    
                    2,
    
                    10,
    
                    TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
    
                    new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(2),
    
                    new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

    执行结果:

    添加第0个任务

    添加第1个任务

    添加第2个任务

    添加第3个任务

    添加第4个任务

    添加第5个任务

    invoke dealStock success

    goodsId:手机

    thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程3

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程2

    thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程1

    自定义拒绝策略

    当线程池提供的拒绝策略无法满足要求时,我们可以采用自定义的拒绝策略,只需要实现RejectedExecutionHandler接口即可

    public class CustRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler
    
    {
    
        @Override
    
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor)
    
        {
    
            new Thread(r,"线程:"+new Random().nextInt(10)).start();
    
        }
    
    }
    
    
    
      ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor  = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
    
                    1,
    
                    2,
    
                    10,
    
                    TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS,
    
                    new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(2),
    
                    new CustRejectedExecutionHandler());

    执行结果:

    thread name:客户线程:6,执行:线程5

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程0

    thread name:客户线程:8,执行:线程4

    thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程3

    thread name:pool-1-thread-1,执行:线程1

    thread name:pool-1-thread-2,执行:线程2

    从执行的结果来看,被拒绝的任务都在客户的新线程中执行。

    小结

    • AbortPolicy:直接抛出异常,后续的任务不会执行

    • CallerRunsPolicy:子任务执行的时间过长,可能会阻塞主线程。

    • DiscardPolicy:不抛异常,任务直接丢弃

    • DiscardOldestPolicy;丢弃最先加入队列的任务