PHP框架入门推荐：Laravel和CodeIgniter。搭建开发环境：安装PHP环境管理器（XAMPP或Laragon）和PHP Composer。创建Laravel项目：使用Composer或Artisan命令行工具。创建CodeIgniter项目：克隆存储库并安装依赖项。实战案例：创建留言板，Laravel和CodeIgniter提供了路由、控制器和视图的实现指南。
PHP框架可以帮助您快速且高效地构建强大且可维护的Web应用程序。对于初学者来说，选择合适的框架非常重要。
对于初学者，推荐以下两个PHP框架：
在开始使用PHP框架之前，您需要搭建开发环境。以下是如何在Windows系统上设置开发环境：
bash composer global require laravel/installer codeigniter4/framework要创建一个Laravel项目：
bash composer create-project laravel/laravel your-project-namebash laravel new your-project-name要创建一个CodeIgniter项目：
bash git clone https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4.git project-namebash cd project-name composer installbash cd your-project-name php artisan servebash cd project-name php spark serveLaravel:
在routes/web.php中添加一个路由：
Route::get('/guestbook', 'GuestbookController@index');
Route::post('/guestbook', 'GuestbookController@store');创建GuestbookController.php控制器：
namespace AppHttpControllers;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;
class GuestbookController extends Controller
{
public function index()
{
// 从数据库中获取消息
$messages = Message::all();
return view('guestbook', ['messages' => $messages]);
}
public function store(Request $request)
{
// 验证和存储来自表单的数据
$request->validate([
'name' => 'required',
'message' => 'required',
]);
Message::create($request->all());
return redirect()->back();
}
}创建resources/views/guestbook.blade.php视图：
@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
<h1>留言板</h1>
@foreach ($messages as $message)
<p><strong>{{ $message->name }}</strong></p>
<p>{{ $message->message }}</p>
<hr>
@endforeach
<form method="POST" action="{{ route('guestbook.store') }}">
@csrf
<label for="name">姓名:</label>
<input id="name" type="text" name="name">
<label for="message">留言:</label>
<textarea id="message" name="message"></textarea>
<button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>
@endsectionCodeIgniter:
在routes.php中添加一个路由组：
$routes->group('guestbook', ['namespace' => 'AppControllers'], function($routes) {
$routes->get('', 'Guestbook::index');
$routes->post('', 'Guestbook::store');
});创建AppControllersGuestbook.php控制器：
<?php
namespace AppControllers;
use CodeIgniterI18nTime;
use CodeIgniterModel;
class Guestbook extends BaseController
{
public function index()
{
$messages = model('MessageModel')->findAll();
return view('guestbook', ['messages' => $messages]);
}
public function store()
{
$validation = $this->validate([
'name' => 'required',
'message' => 'required',
]);
if (!$validation) {
return redirect()->back()->withInput()->with('errors', $this->validator->getErrors());
}
$message = new Model([
'name' => $this->request->getPost('name'),
'message' => $this->request->getPost('message'),
'created_at' => Time::now(),
]);
if (model('MessageModel')->save($message)) {
return redirect()->back();
} else {
return redirect()->back()->withInput()->with('errors', ['general' => '保存留言失败']);
}
}
}创建app/Views/guestbook.php视图：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>留言板</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>留言板</h1>
<?php foreach ($messages as $message): ?>
<p><strong><?= $message['name'] ?></strong></p>
<p><?= $message['message'] ?></p>
<hr>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<form method="POST" action="<?= base_url('guestbook') ?>">
<label for="name">姓名:</label>
<input id="name" type="text" name="name">
<label for="message">留言:</label>
<textarea id="message" name="message"></textarea>
<button type="submit">提交</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
