准备构建高性能API?FastAPI助您一臂之力!它能打造快速响应、高效处理高负载的API,本文将详解如何利用FastAPI的异步编程实现这一目标,并指导您编写和测试异步端点。
本文将带您掌握:
异步编程允许任务并发执行,尤其适用于网络请求、数据库查询或文件操作等需要等待响应的任务。
传统同步编程中,任务顺序执行,处理多个请求时容易延时。异步编程则可同时服务多个用户,最大化资源利用率,提升用户体验。
让我们开始构建!首先,安装所需库:
pip install "fastapi[standard]" httpx aiofiles pytest
以下示例演示FastAPI异步编程:
from fastapi import FastAPI, BackgroundTasks
import httpx
import aiofiles
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
app = FastAPI()
# API端点
@app.get("/item/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int):
return {"item_id": item_id}
@app.get("/external-api")
async def call_external_api():
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
response = await client.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1")
return response.json()
@app.get("/read-file")
async def read_file():
async with aiofiles.open("example.txt", mode="r") as file:
content = await file.read()
return {"content": content}
def send_email(email: str, message: str):
print(f"Sending email to {email}: {message}")
@app.post("/send-email/")
async def schedule_email(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, email: str):
background_tasks.add_task(send_email, email, "Welcome!")
return {"message": "Email scheduled"}
# 测试代码
client = TestClient(app)
def test_read_item():
response = client.get("/item/1")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"item_id": 1}
def test_read_file():
with open("example.txt", "w") as file:
file.write("This is a test file.")
response = client.get("/read-file")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"content": "This is a test file."}
def test_schedule_email():
response = client.post("/send-email/?email=test@example.com")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"message": "Email scheduled"}
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_call_external_api():
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as async_client:
response = await async_client.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert "id" in response.json()
简单异步端点: /item/{item_id}
演示使用 async def
定义异步路由。
调用外部API: /external-api
使用 httpx
发出异步HTTP请求,在等待响应时不阻塞其他请求。
异步文件读取: /read-file
异步读取文件,避免阻塞。
后台任务: /send-email
安排后台任务发送邮件,主线程继续处理其他请求。
包含四个测试函数,分别测试基本端点、文件读取、后台任务和外部API调用。
本文通过代码示例,演示了如何使用FastAPI构建和测试异步API,利用异步编程提升API性能。 现在,您可以开始构建您自己的高性能FastAPI项目了!
感谢阅读!祝您编码愉快!